Night Vision System

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Can I reserve a backordered thermal or night vision unit with a deposit? A: Yes, you can! Due to high demand for thermal and night vision products, many manufacturers are struggling to keep up with inventory, resulting in lead times for popular items. You can secure your place in line for any thermal or night vision unit with a small deposit, typically $250 or 50% of the unit’s price, depending on the model. We will invoice you for the remaining balance once your order is ready to ship. Please note that deposits are non-refundable but do not expire and can be applied to another thermal or night vision optic if you need to cancel your order. However, they cannot be used for accessories. If you would like to reserve a unit for future delivery, please contact us at sales@rssdefense.com. Q: Is Night Vision / Thermal Legal? A: Yes, in the United States, U.S. Persons (citizens and permanent residents) are permitted to own and use Night Vision and Thermal Optics. However, it is illegal to take these devices out of the country without specific approval from the U.S. State Department and the proper licensing. Night Vision and Thermal devices are regulated under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). Essentially, the aim is to prevent these powerful technologies from falling into the hands of adversaries. If you have any questions, we’re here to help clarify. Q: What is Night Vision? A: Traditional Night Vision, also known as Image Intensification Technology (I2), has been in use for many years and has evolved through several generations. The core process involves an image intensifier tube inside the optic that gathers ambient light through the lens, which is then processed through various electronics and displayed on a screen in the eyepiece. While this is a simplified overview, it captures the essence of how it works. Night vision devices are available in several generations, with Generation 3 being the most commonly used today. Generally, higher generations and better specifications result in improved image quality. Night vision images typically appear in either green or white. If you’d like more technical details, feel free to ask! Q: What is Thermal Imaging and how does it differ from Night Vision? A: Thermal imaging is a more recent technology compared to night vision but has seen significant advancements in performance and user adoption over the past few years. In simple terms, thermal imaging detects heat, while night vision amplifies light. A thermal imaging unit uses a special lens, usually made from germanium, to focus infrared energy onto a detector. This detector processes the information through various electronics and displays it on a screen, allowing the user to see an image based on temperature variations in the field of view. Most thermal devices also allow users to adjust various settings, such as color palettes, contrast, and digital zoom. Q: What are the generations of Night Vision available today? A: Night vision units today are categorized into generations 1 through 3, with variations within each. Generation 1 was the first widely used, emerging around the Vietnam War. While still available, it significantly underperforms compared to Generations 2 and 3. Generation 2 is effective for hunting and more budget-friendly but doesn’t match the performance of Generation 3. Additionally, Generation 3 holds its value better if you decide to sell it later. Generation 3 and Gen 3+ (Auto-gated Gen 3) are the highest quality available, providing the best image and protection against bright light exposure. For more detailed specifications, feel free to reach out. Q: Do you ship out of the United States? A: Most night vision and thermal units are regulated under ITAR and cannot be exported by law. Although some items may be exportable, our policy is to ship only within the United States without exception, prioritizing the safety of our armed forces. Q: What is an IR Laser? A: An infrared (IR) laser emits a focused beam of light that is invisible to the naked eye but can be seen with night vision devices. There are various types and uses, but they are primarily employed for aiming weapons while using night vision. Class 1 IR lasers emit a less powerful beam than military-grade lasers and are available to the public. IR lasers are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). While we sell only civilian-legal IR lasers on our site, we can source military-grade units for law enforcement and federal agency customers. Q: What about IR Illuminators? A: An IR illuminator acts like an invisible "flashlight" for night vision devices. In extremely dark conditions, ambient light may be insufficient for optimal performance. An IR illuminator produces a beam visible only through night vision, not to the naked eye. Many night vision devices include built-in illuminators, but users often prefer standalone units for greater power, especially with Generations 1 and 2. Some IR lasers also have built-in IR illuminators. Q: Do you accept trade-in equipment? A: Contact us in reference to trades. Depending on unit and its functionality. Q: Do you do Police Department or Government Agency Sales? A: Yes! We maintain strong relationships with local and federal law enforcement, providing many of our products to those who protect and serve. We assist various departments and agencies with grant allocation programs for equipment. If your department or agency is in the market for Night Vision or Thermal products, please contact us at sales@rssdefense.com. Q: Do you sell pre-owned equipment? A: Yes, we do! We carefully accept quality, lightly used night vision and thermal units and pass the savings on to our customers. We only accept pre-owned units that are in good condition and still under the manufacturer’s original warranty. Q: Do you have a retail storefront? A: Yes, we do offer a public storefront however we do not stock all these high value items due to the niche market we operate in. We are based in Sarasota, Florida. If you're local and wish to purchase in person, please send us a message. We also have a shooting range near Manatee County FL, where we can hold night shoots and equipment demonstrations. Q: What is ITAR? A: ITAR stands for “International Traffic in Arms Regulations,” under which night vision and thermal devices are regulated. Most of these devices cannot leave the United States without a special export permit. We will not ship products outside the U.S. nor sell to anyone we believe may intend to do so. Q: Do you keep everything you sell in stock? A: We strive to keep all items in stock. However, some products experience high demand and may require lead time. For such items, we can set up your order with a minimal deposit, and the balance is settled once it's ready to ship. If an ordered item is out of stock, customers will be notified promptly via email. Q: Do you offer guided Night Vision and/or Thermal Hunting Trips? A: Not directly, but we have partners who provide high-quality guided thermal hunts and can connect you with them. Q: What do you charge for shipping? A: Most orders ship for free, although smaller items may incur a nominal shipping fee. Orders over $500 typically require a signature upon delivery. Smaller items usually ship via USPS, while larger or more valuable items are sent through UPS. All thermal and night vision optics require a signature. Some items may ship from a distributor, and the shipping method is at their discretion. All shipments include tracking, and customers receive an email with tracking information upon shipment. Expect delivery within 3-5 days once in transit. Q: Do you offer financing? A: Absolutely! We provide short-term, interest-free options for smaller purchases and traditional financing for larger purchases (up to $10,000) at competitive rates. This financing program is integrated into our checkout process, allowing you to complete your order quickly. The financing term begins only once the order ships. Please reach out with any questions about these options. Q: What is your return policy? A: Unfortunately, all night vision purchases are final and non-returnable. If you receive a defective item, please notify us immediately. We will facilitate an exchange or coordinate with the manufacturer for a replacement. Please be aware that batteries cannot be returned, and any shipping charges (if applicable) are non-refundable.

NV & Thermal Terminology

Autogating When a night vision device is labeled as “auto-gated,” it means the unit can quickly dim itself by rapidly turning on and off to protect the image intensifier tube from bright light exposure. This feature also reduces the “bloom” or "halo" effect around light sources. When autogating is active, users may hear a faint whine, which is completely normal. Blemishes or "Blems" Each night vision tube is unique, and it’s normal for them to have minor blemishes, often appearing as small black spots near the edge of the display. As long as these blemishes are not in the center of the field of view or unusually large, they do not affect performance. We strive to provide units with minimal blemishes and the best specifications, as these imperfections are purely cosmetic. Blooming Blooming refers to the washout effect that occurs when a night vision device is exposed to bright light, often resulting in a “halo” around light sources. High-quality, auto-gated Generation 3 tubes can limit this effect, but experiencing it to some extent is still normal. Chicken Wire This term describes a hexagonal pattern of faint lines that may appear in certain conditions while using a night vision device. It is not unusual and is generally not considered a defect unless it is very pronounced. Diopter The diopter is the lens closest to your eye on an optic. Most night vision and thermal devices feature a diopter adjustment to tailor the lens to your specific eyesight for optimal image clarity. Eye Relief Eye relief refers to the optimal distance between the diopter lens and your eye for achieving the best image quality. FOM FOM stands for “Field of Merit,” which is calculated by multiplying the line pairs per millimeter (LP/MM) by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It’s a standard metric on night vision data sheets and indicates a unit's overall performance. FOV FOV, or “Field of View,” describes the visible area through the optic. Similar to traditional optics, a higher magnification results in a narrower field. In thermal units, lenses of 6-30mm are ideal for close-range viewing, 30-50mm for mid-range, and over 50mm for long-range. FOV is measured in degrees. Gain Gain typically refers to the brightness adjustment on night vision units, and on some thermal units, it adjusts the sensitivity of the sensor. Halo A halo is the circular effect seen around light sources when viewed through night vision. If a significant halo appears, it likely indicates that the light source is too bright. LP/MM This abbreviation stands for “line pairs per millimeter,” which is also known as resolution. Higher values indicate better resolution. Generation 3 units typically achieve at least 64 LP/MM, with premium units exceeding 70. Photocathode Sensitivity This metric measures how effectively a night vision unit converts light into an electrical signal. Good Generation 3 units should have a sensitivity of at least 1800. Resolution (Night Vision) This is synonymous with LP/MM; higher values indicate better resolution. Resolution (Thermal) Thermal units use a pixel array core to process data. Common public resolutions include 160, 320, 384, and 640. The 640 resolution represents the highest commercially available grade. For context, a 320x280 core has 89,600 pixels, while a 640x512 core has 327,680 pixels. Higher resolution cores yield better images and allow for more effective zooming, as they contain more initial pixels. Factors like display quality, lens, and firmware also influence image quality, but the core is the most critical component. SNR SNR stands for “Signal to Noise Ratio,” a key measurement on night vision data sheets. A higher SNR indicates better performance in low-light conditions and is a primary indicator of a tube's effectiveness. Good Generation 3 units usually have an SNR of at least 24, with high-spec units exceeding 30. Scintillation This phenomenon occurs in low-light conditions while using night vision, manifesting as a sparkling effect similar to static on an old television. It can sometimes be alleviated by reducing the gain.